BACKGROUND
Pulldown analysis identified an interaction between HSV-1 glycoprotein E (gE) cytoplasmic tail (CT) and key components of host intracellular trafficking pathways (the actin WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC) and the clathrin adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2)), that may be dependent upon a putative WRC Interacting Receptor Sequence (WIRS) or tyrosine-based endocytic sorting motifs, respectively.
AIM
To confirm the requirement of gE motifs for trafficking interactions in the context of HSV-1 egress.
METHODS
We have generated a panel of recombinant HSV-1 and plasmid constructs containing mutations in the gE WIRS or endocytic motifs. We are characterising untagged and GFP-tagged gE mutants using GFP-TRAP, proximity ligation assay (PLA) and real-time imaging to establish how these interactions contribute to egress of HSV-1. GFP-TRAP, on-bead digestion and mass spectrometry is also being used to identify a panel of additional gE interactors which may contribute to trafficking.
RESULTS
PLA provided evidence for colocalisation between gE and components of the WRC in infected HaCaT and HeLa cells. GST-pulldown using gE(CT) confirmed the interaction of gE with the WRC is WIRS-dependent and demonstrated that tyrosine-to-alanine mutation of the endocytic sorting motifs knocks out AP-2 interaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Both interactions likely contribute to trafficking of viral particles during assembly and egress from the host cell. The WIRS motif regulates Arp2/3 complex activation and actin nucleation and recruitment of AP-2 would drive subsequent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Future research will confirm a role for gE and its interactors in the HSV-1 lifecycle and provide a basis for new drug targets for treatment.