Poster Presentation 9th Australasian Virology Society Meeting 2017

Gamma-ray Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccines: Concepts and Applications (#185)

Mohammed Alsharifi 1 2
  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  2. The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Gamma-irradiation has been used widely to sterilize biological products. It can also be utilised as an inactivation technique to generate whole cell bacterial and viral vaccines with limited effect on pathogen structure and antigenic determinants. We have previously reported our approach to develop a cross-protective influenza A virus vaccine using gamma-irradiation (gamma-FLU) and recently reported the development of a serotype independent gamma irradiated Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine (gamma-PN) (Babb R et al, 2016). Our published research illustrated the ability of gamma-irradiated vaccines to induce pathogen specific adaptive immune responses. We have also illustrated the ability of gamma-FLU to induce strong innate immunity, which could be used to enhance immune responses against co-administered inactivated viruses and bacteria (Babb R et al 2014 and 2017). Importantly, we have recently published the possibility of using irradiation doses as high as 50 kGy to inactivate influenza A virus without severely affecting vaccine immunogenicity (David SC et al, 2017). Furthermore, we have been investigating the possibility of using high irradiation dose to inactivate other viruses with complicated genome structure, such as rotavirus, for vaccine purposes. Our data illustrate the sterility and the immunogenicity of 50 kGy gamma-irradiated RV vaccine (gamma-RV). Overall, gamma-irradiation represents a very promising approach for development of highly effective vaccines. The high immunogenicity of materials irradiated with 50 kGy considerably expands the list of pathogens suitable for irradiation treatment for vaccine purposes.

  1. David SC, Lau J, Singleton EV, Babb R, Davies J, Hirst TR, McColl SR, Paton JC, Alsharifi M. The effect of gamma-irradiation conditions on the immunogenicity of whole-inactivated Influenza A virus vaccine. Vaccine. 2017 Feb 15;35(7):1071-1079. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.044. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
  2. Babb R, Chen A, Hirst TR, Kara EE, McColl SR, Ogunniyi AD, Paton JC, Alsharifi M. Intranasal vaccination with γ-irradiated Streptococcus pneumoniae whole-cell vaccine provides serotype-independent protection mediated by B-cells and innate IL-17 responses. Clin Sci (Lond). 2016 May;130(9):697-710. PMID: 26831937
  3. Babb R, Chan J, Khairat JE, Furuya Y, Alsharifi M. Gamma-Irradiated Influenza A Virus Provides Adjuvant Activity to a Co-Administered Poorly Immunogenic SFV Vaccine in Mice. Front Immunol. 2014 Jun 10;5:267. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00267. eCollection 2014. PMID: 24959166
  4. Babb R, Chen A, Ogunniyi AD, Hirst TR, Kara EE, McColl SR, Alsharifi M, Paton JC. Enhanced protective responses to a serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine when combined with an inactivated influenza vaccine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2017 Jan 1;131(2):169-180. doi: 10.1042/CS20160475. Epub 2016 Nov 24. PMID: 27885052